Brewing Guide
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☕ Espresso
The concentrated heart of coffee
☕ Espresso Guide
Single Shot
9 Bar Pressure
Fine Grind
Dose
18g
Yield
36g
Time
25-30s
Temp
200°F
Grind
Fine
Ratio
1:2
- Preheat the portafilter and cup with hot water. Dry thoroughly.
- Dose 18g of finely ground coffee into the portafilter basket. Distribute evenly.
- Tamp level with firm, consistent pressure (30lb). Ensure a flat puck.
- Lock in the portafilter and immediately start the shot — don't wait.
- Monitor the extraction: aim for a honey-like flow, 25-30 seconds total.
- Serve immediately. The shot should have golden crema and a balanced flavor.
Sour?Grind too coarse or dose too low → grind finer, check dose
Bitter?Grind too fine or over-extracted → grind coarser, shorten time
💧 Pour-Over
Hario V60 — clarity and precision
💧 V60 Pour-Over Guide
Hario V60
Paper Filter
Medium-Fine
Coffee
22g
Water
360g
Total Time
3:00
Bloom
40g / 45s
Temp
200°F
Ratio
1:16.4
- Rinse the paper filter with hot water to remove papery taste and preheat the dripper. Discard rinse water.
- Bloom: Pour 40g water in a slow spiral, wetting all grounds. Wait 45 seconds for CO₂ release.
- First pour: Add water to 150g using gentle concentric circles. Keep the bed level.
- Pulse pours: Add water in 50g pulses (200g → 250g → 300g → 360g), maintaining 1cm water depth.
- Let it draw down. Total time should be ~3:00. Lift dripper, swirl gently, serve.
Stalling?Grind too fine or channeling → grind slightly coarser, pour gentler
Too fast?Grind too coarse → grind finer, slow your pour rate
brewers
Consistency at scale
brewer Batch Brew Guide
Commercial Brewer
Medium Grind
1:16 Ratio
Ratio
1:16
Temp
200°F
Grind
Medium
Batch
1-3 Gal
- Scale up your recipe using the 1:16 ratio. Weigh coffee — don't scoop.
- Pre-wet the filter basket if using paper filters. Insert and secure.
- Brew on the proper cycle. Most commercial brewers handle saturation automatically.
- Stir the batch gently after brewing to homogenize the extraction.
- Hold at 180°F+ in an insulated airpot or thermal server. Never on a hot plate beyond 30 min.
- Discard after 60 minutes. Coffee degrades rapidly on heat.
Holding tip:Use thermal airpots, not hot plates. Insulated containers hold 175°F+ for 4+ hours without cooking.
Batch tip:Brew smaller batches more frequently rather than large batches that sit.
🧊 Cold Brew
Slow, smooth, and low-acid
🧊 Cold Brew Guide
Room Temp
18hr Steep
Coarse Grind
Keg System
Ratio
1:8
Temp
Room
Steep
18 hrs
Dilute
1:1
- Weigh coffee at 1:8 ratio (e.g., 500g coffee to 4L water). Grind coarse.
- Combine coffee and room-temperature water in a food-safe container. Stir to saturate all grounds.
- Steep 18 hours at room temperature. Cover but don't seal airtight.
- Filter through a fine mesh strainer, then through paper filter for clarity.
- Dilute concentrate 1:1 with water or milk. Serve over ice.
- Keg it: Transfer to a keg, charge with nitrogen (30-35 psi), serve on cold tap. Concentrate lasts 2 weeks refrigerated.
Too strong?Increase dilution ratio or steep 2 hours less next time
Cloudy?Double-filter or slow the pour through paper. Use coarser grind.
French Press
Full immersion, full body
French Press French Press Guide
Immersion
Coarse Grind
4 Min Steep
Ratio
1:15
Steep
4 min
Grind
Coarse
Temp
200°F
- Preheat the press with hot water. Discard. Add coarsely ground coffee (1:15 ratio).
- Pour water just off boil (200°F) to saturate all grounds. Start timer.
- Stir gently at 1 minute to break the crust. Skim foam and floating bits.
- Insert plunger at 4:00. Press down slowly and steadily — no forcing.
- Decant immediately into cups or a thermal carafe. Do not leave in the press — it keeps extracting.
Muddy?Grind too fine or didn't decant → grind coarser, pour off immediately
Bitter?Over-steeped → stick to 4 min, decant right away
Grind Size Guide
The foundation of every brew
Extra Fine
Turkish
Fine
Espresso
Medium-Fine
Pour-Over (V60)
Medium
Batch Brew
Medium-Coarse
Chemex
Coarse
French Press / Cold Brew
Dot sizes are proportional to grind particle size. Finer = more surface area = faster extraction.
Water Temperature
195°F – 205°F is the sweet spot
185°F
195°F
200°F
205°F
212°F
Under 195°F
Under-extracted. Sour, thin, lacking sweetness. Compounds don't dissolve fully.
195°F – 205°F
Balanced extraction. Sweet, complex, full flavor. The ideal range for all methods.
Over 205°F
Over-extracted. Bitter, astringent, burnt notes. Tannins and bitter compounds release.
💡 Tip: Bring water to a boil, then wait 30 seconds. You'll land right at ~200°F.
Golden Ratio Chart
Coffee : Water ratios for every method
| Method | Ratio | Coffee (per 12oz cup) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Espresso | 1:2 | 18g → 36g shot | Concentrated, intense |
| Ristretto | 1:1.5 | 20g → 30g shot | Even more concentrated |
| Lungo | 1:3 | 16g → 48g shot | Longer, diluted shot |
| Pour-Over (V60) | 1:16 | 22g → 360g | Bright, clean cup |
| Batch Brew | 1:16 | 22g → 360g | Consistent at scale |
| French Press | 1:15 | 24g → 360g | Full body, rich |
| Cold Brew Concentrate | 1:8 | 45g → 360g | Dilute 1:1 to serve |
| Cold Brew (Ready-to-Drink) | 1:16 | 22g → 360g | Steeped cold, no dilution |
| Aeropress | 1:14 | 26g → 360g | Versatile, strong |
| Chemex | 1:17 | 21g → 360g | Clean, tea-like |
Troubleshooting Grid
Diagnose and fix common cup problems
🍋 Sour
Cause: Under-extraction. Water too cool, grind too coarse, brew time too short.
✓ Grind finer, raise temp to 200°F, extend brew time
😖 Bitter
Cause: Over-extraction. Water too hot, grind too fine, brew time too long.
✓ Grind coarser, lower temp, shorten brew time
💧 Weak
Cause: Not enough coffee or grind too coarse. Ratio is off.
✓ Increase dose, grind finer, check your ratio
🍃 Astringent
Cause: Over-extraction or channeling. Water finds paths through the puck/bed.
✓ Level the bed, pour more evenly, grind slightly coarser
😐 Flat
Cause: Stale coffee, low temperature, or poor quality beans.
✓ Use fresh beans (within 2-4 weeks of roast), raise temp
🔥 Over-Extracted
Cause: Too much contact time, too fine a grind, too much agitation.
✓ Shorten brew time, grind coarser, reduce pours/stirring
Equipment Care
Keep your gear clean, keep your coffee clean
Daily
- Backflush espresso machine with water
- Wipe group head and shower screen
- Clean grinder hopper and chute
- Wash portafilter baskets and pitchers
- Empty and rinse drip trays
- Purge steam wand after each use
Weekly
- Backflush with espresso cleaner (Cafiza)
- Soak portafilter baskets in cleaner
- Grind grinder burrs with cleaning pellets (Grindz)
- Descale pour-over kettles
- Clean drip coffee maker spray head
- Deep clean steam wand with cleaner
Monthly
- Descale espresso machine boiler system
- Replace water filters (if applicable)
- Deep clean grinder — full disassembly
- Check and calibrate scales and thermometers
- Clean or replace brewer spray plates
- Inspect gaskets and seals for wear
Quarterly
- Replace espresso machine group gaskets
- Replace shower screens if worn
- Burr alignment check or replacement
- Professional machine service / PM
- Deep descale of entire water system
- Review and log maintenance history
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