Brewing Guide

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☕ Espresso

The concentrated heart of coffee

☕ Espresso Guide

Single Shot 9 Bar Pressure Fine Grind
Dose
18g
Yield
36g
Time
25-30s
Temp
200°F
Grind
Fine
Ratio
1:2
  1. Preheat the portafilter and cup with hot water. Dry thoroughly.
  2. Dose 18g of finely ground coffee into the portafilter basket. Distribute evenly.
  3. Tamp level with firm, consistent pressure (30lb). Ensure a flat puck.
  4. Lock in the portafilter and immediately start the shot — don't wait.
  5. Monitor the extraction: aim for a honey-like flow, 25-30 seconds total.
  6. Serve immediately. The shot should have golden crema and a balanced flavor.
Sour?Grind too coarse or dose too low → grind finer, check dose
Bitter?Grind too fine or over-extracted → grind coarser, shorten time

💧 Pour-Over

Hario V60 — clarity and precision

💧 V60 Pour-Over Guide

Hario V60 Paper Filter Medium-Fine
Coffee
22g
Water
360g
Total Time
3:00
Bloom
40g / 45s
Temp
200°F
Ratio
1:16.4
  1. Rinse the paper filter with hot water to remove papery taste and preheat the dripper. Discard rinse water.
  2. Bloom: Pour 40g water in a slow spiral, wetting all grounds. Wait 45 seconds for CO₂ release.
  3. First pour: Add water to 150g using gentle concentric circles. Keep the bed level.
  4. Pulse pours: Add water in 50g pulses (200g → 250g → 300g → 360g), maintaining 1cm water depth.
  5. Let it draw down. Total time should be ~3:00. Lift dripper, swirl gently, serve.
Stalling?Grind too fine or channeling → grind slightly coarser, pour gentler
Too fast?Grind too coarse → grind finer, slow your pour rate

brewers

Consistency at scale

brewer Batch Brew Guide

Commercial Brewer Medium Grind 1:16 Ratio
Ratio
1:16
Temp
200°F
Grind
Medium
Batch
1-3 Gal
  1. Scale up your recipe using the 1:16 ratio. Weigh coffee — don't scoop.
  2. Pre-wet the filter basket if using paper filters. Insert and secure.
  3. Brew on the proper cycle. Most commercial brewers handle saturation automatically.
  4. Stir the batch gently after brewing to homogenize the extraction.
  5. Hold at 180°F+ in an insulated airpot or thermal server. Never on a hot plate beyond 30 min.
  6. Discard after 60 minutes. Coffee degrades rapidly on heat.
Holding tip:Use thermal airpots, not hot plates. Insulated containers hold 175°F+ for 4+ hours without cooking.
Batch tip:Brew smaller batches more frequently rather than large batches that sit.

🧊 Cold Brew

Slow, smooth, and low-acid

🧊 Cold Brew Guide

Room Temp 18hr Steep Coarse Grind Keg System
Ratio
1:8
Temp
Room
Steep
18 hrs
Dilute
1:1
  1. Weigh coffee at 1:8 ratio (e.g., 500g coffee to 4L water). Grind coarse.
  2. Combine coffee and room-temperature water in a food-safe container. Stir to saturate all grounds.
  3. Steep 18 hours at room temperature. Cover but don't seal airtight.
  4. Filter through a fine mesh strainer, then through paper filter for clarity.
  5. Dilute concentrate 1:1 with water or milk. Serve over ice.
  6. Keg it: Transfer to a keg, charge with nitrogen (30-35 psi), serve on cold tap. Concentrate lasts 2 weeks refrigerated.
Too strong?Increase dilution ratio or steep 2 hours less next time
Cloudy?Double-filter or slow the pour through paper. Use coarser grind.

French Press

Full immersion, full body

French Press French Press Guide

Immersion Coarse Grind 4 Min Steep
Ratio
1:15
Steep
4 min
Grind
Coarse
Temp
200°F
  1. Preheat the press with hot water. Discard. Add coarsely ground coffee (1:15 ratio).
  2. Pour water just off boil (200°F) to saturate all grounds. Start timer.
  3. Stir gently at 1 minute to break the crust. Skim foam and floating bits.
  4. Insert plunger at 4:00. Press down slowly and steadily — no forcing.
  5. Decant immediately into cups or a thermal carafe. Do not leave in the press — it keeps extracting.
Muddy?Grind too fine or didn't decant → grind coarser, pour off immediately
Bitter?Over-steeped → stick to 4 min, decant right away

Grind Size Guide

The foundation of every brew
Extra Fine
Turkish
Fine
Espresso
Medium-Fine
Pour-Over (V60)
Medium
Batch Brew
Medium-Coarse
Chemex
Coarse
French Press / Cold Brew

Dot sizes are proportional to grind particle size. Finer = more surface area = faster extraction.


Water Temperature

195°F – 205°F is the sweet spot
185°F 195°F 200°F 205°F 212°F

Under 195°F

Under-extracted. Sour, thin, lacking sweetness. Compounds don't dissolve fully.

195°F – 205°F

Balanced extraction. Sweet, complex, full flavor. The ideal range for all methods.

Over 205°F

Over-extracted. Bitter, astringent, burnt notes. Tannins and bitter compounds release.

💡 Tip: Bring water to a boil, then wait 30 seconds. You'll land right at ~200°F.


Golden Ratio Chart

Coffee : Water ratios for every method
Method Ratio Coffee (per 12oz cup) Notes
Espresso1:218g → 36g shotConcentrated, intense
Ristretto1:1.520g → 30g shotEven more concentrated
Lungo1:316g → 48g shotLonger, diluted shot
Pour-Over (V60)1:1622g → 360gBright, clean cup
Batch Brew1:1622g → 360gConsistent at scale
French Press1:1524g → 360gFull body, rich
Cold Brew Concentrate1:845g → 360gDilute 1:1 to serve
Cold Brew (Ready-to-Drink)1:1622g → 360gSteeped cold, no dilution
Aeropress1:1426g → 360gVersatile, strong
Chemex1:1721g → 360gClean, tea-like

Troubleshooting Grid

Diagnose and fix common cup problems
🍋 Sour
Cause: Under-extraction. Water too cool, grind too coarse, brew time too short.
✓ Grind finer, raise temp to 200°F, extend brew time
😖 Bitter
Cause: Over-extraction. Water too hot, grind too fine, brew time too long.
✓ Grind coarser, lower temp, shorten brew time
💧 Weak
Cause: Not enough coffee or grind too coarse. Ratio is off.
✓ Increase dose, grind finer, check your ratio
🍃 Astringent
Cause: Over-extraction or channeling. Water finds paths through the puck/bed.
✓ Level the bed, pour more evenly, grind slightly coarser
😐 Flat
Cause: Stale coffee, low temperature, or poor quality beans.
✓ Use fresh beans (within 2-4 weeks of roast), raise temp
🔥 Over-Extracted
Cause: Too much contact time, too fine a grind, too much agitation.
✓ Shorten brew time, grind coarser, reduce pours/stirring

Equipment Care

Keep your gear clean, keep your coffee clean
📆

Daily

  • Backflush espresso machine with water
  • Wipe group head and shower screen
  • Clean grinder hopper and chute
  • Wash portafilter baskets and pitchers
  • Empty and rinse drip trays
  • Purge steam wand after each use
📅

Weekly

  • Backflush with espresso cleaner (Cafiza)
  • Soak portafilter baskets in cleaner
  • Grind grinder burrs with cleaning pellets (Grindz)
  • Descale pour-over kettles
  • Clean drip coffee maker spray head
  • Deep clean steam wand with cleaner
🗓️

Monthly

  • Descale espresso machine boiler system
  • Replace water filters (if applicable)
  • Deep clean grinder — full disassembly
  • Check and calibrate scales and thermometers
  • Clean or replace brewer spray plates
  • Inspect gaskets and seals for wear
📊

Quarterly

  • Replace espresso machine group gaskets
  • Replace shower screens if worn
  • Burr alignment check or replacement
  • Professional machine service / PM
  • Deep descale of entire water system
  • Review and log maintenance history

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